Chapter 5

Figure 5-1: Parthenon

Who: Iktinos
What: Marble and Stone
When: 447-438 BCE
Where: Acropolis of Athens
Why: To honor Athena Parthenos ("the virgin") and celebrated the Athenian people

Figure 5-90: Head of Odysseus

Who: Pliny (dedicate to Athanadoros,Hagesandros, and Polypros of Rhodes)
What: Marble
When: Early first century
Where: Villa of Tiberius in Sperlonga, Italy and Titus's palace in Rome
Why: For the Romans

Figure 5-41: Doryphoros (Spear Bearer)

Who: Polykleitos
What: Marble
When: 450-440 BCE
Where: In a palaestra (gymnasium) at Pompeii
Why: Model for Roman athletes

Figure 5-10: Peplos Kore

Who: ?
What: Marble
When: 530 BCE
Where: Acropolis in Athens, Greece
Why: Traditional statue of goddess

Figure 5-19: Francois Vase

Who: Kleitias (painted) and Ergotimos (made)
What: Athenian black-figure volute krater
When: 570 BCE
Where: Etruscan tomb from Chiusi, Italy
Why: Display Greek Mythology gods, heroes, and animals

Figure 5-2: Huge Krater

Who: ?
What: Pottery
When: 740 BCE
Where: Dipylon cemetery of Athens, Greece
Why: Grave marker

Figure 5-35: Kritios Boy

Who: Kritios
What: Marble
When: 480 BCE
Where: Acropolis in Athens, Greece
Why: Portray how a human being truly stands

Figure 5-52: Erechtheion

Who: ?
What: Marble and Stone
When: 421-405 BCE
Where: Acropolis at Athens, Greece
Why: Replace the Archaic temple, honor Athena, and was to be a multiple shrine

Figure 5-61: Youth Diving

Who: Tomb of the Diver
What: Painting
When: 480-470 BCE
Where: Tomb of the Diver in Paestum, Italy
Why: Symbolizes the plunge into the underworld

Figure 5-82: Dying Gaul

Who: Pergamene
What: Marble (Roman copy is bronze)
When: 230-220 BCE
Where: Temple of Aphaia at Aegina
Why: Symbolize the victory of Attalos I over the Gauls

Figure 5-20A: Achilles killing Penthesilea

Who: Exekia
What: Pottery
When: 540-530 BCE
Where: ?
Why: Tell a story

Figure 5-5: Corinthian black-figure amphora with animal friezes

Who: ?
What: Pottery
When: 625-600 BCE
Where: Rhodes, Greece
Why: ?

Figure 5-7: Kouros (Youth)

Who: ?
What: Marble
When: 600 BCE
Where: Attica possibly in Anavysos, Greece
Why: Grave Marker

Figure 5-20: Achilles and Ajax playing a dice game

Who: Exekias
What: Athenian black-figure amphora
When: 540-530 BCE
Where: Etruscan tomb at Vulci, Italy
Why: Telling a story

Figure 5-27: Temple of Aphaia, Aegina

Who: Guillaume-Abel Blouet
What: Restored view
When: 500-490 BCE
Where: Aegina, Greece
Why: Suggest how colorful Greek temples were

Figure 5-32: Chariot race between Pelops and King Oinomaos

Who: ?
What: Marble
When: 470-456 BCE
Where: Temple of Zeus at Olympia, Greece
Why: Tell a story

Figure 5-46: Athena Parthenos

Who: Phidia
What: Gold  and Ivory
When: 438 BCE
Where:  Inside the Parthenon at Acropolis in Athens, Greece
Why: Symbolize Athena holding Nike (Victory)

Figure 5-49: Three Goddess (Hestia, Dione, and Aphrodite)

Who: ?
What: Marble
When: 438-432 BCE
Where: East  pediment of the Parthenon at the Acropolis in Athens, Greece
Why: Depict the goddess

Figure 5-54: Caryatids of the south porch of the Erechtheion

Who: ?
What: Plaster casta of marble statues
When: 421-405 BCE
Where: Erechtheion at Acropolis in Athens, Greece
Why: ?

Figure 5-75: Temple of Apollo

Who: Paionios of Ephesos and Daphnis of Miletos
What: ?
When: 300 BCE
Where: Didyma, Turkey
Why: Replaced the Archaic temple at the site the Persians burned in 494 BCE when they sacked nearby Miletos

Persian and Medes decoration of 23 nations paying tribute to Persian king

Taharqo as a sphinx

Senenmut and Nefrura

Two Worshippers

Spotted Horses Stone Art

Reasons Why.

1) To make the building seem 3 dimensional and it shows the visual of where and how the painter is painting the building. 

2) Because of perspective. The sail boat is closer to the eye and makes it bigger while the ship in the back is father which makes it smaller.

3) To show Christianity triumphs over the Roman Empire or the painter is trying to depict the fall of Rome. 

The Cave of Forgotten Dreams

The Cave of Forgotten Dreams Film Guide

1.   When and where was the cave discovered?
Southern France, 1994 

2.   Why was a door installed into the opening of the cave?
To help with the delicate climate inside the cave

3.   Where were the red spots discovered and how were they made?
Near the first cave entrance/ made with the palm of the hand 

4.   What was the first proof that the drawings were not forgeries?
Something (bacteria) was growing over the rock of the paintings that take thousands of years to grow 

5.   Why did the scientist believe that the artist created the bison with eight legs?  What other possible reason do you think that this might have been done?
So it would seem like the bison was moving (like a cinema)/ It might have symbolized another bison behind it 

6.   What possible landmark was near the cave?
Chauvet Cave (another great cave) 

7.   Why did the filmmakers think that there might have been dancing in the cave?
Because they found coal proving they had fire inside and the fire helped shadows move around the cave which helped the paintings "come alive" in which the Natives danced with

8.   What does the presence of bones indicate?
That the Natives didn't actually live there

9.   How did they know that one person created the red dots in different parts of the cave?
The person had a slightly crooked little finger that was evident in other red dots (hand prints) 

10. What animal is combined with a woman?
Bison

11. What was discovered in 2008?  What material was it created from?

12. What was most significant about this cave to you?

It holds a lot of history and contains a lot of great art work that are very detailed and far ahead of its time